Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar
Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (Vivar del Cid, Burgos, to 1043 [1] or 1048-1050 [2] - Valencia, 1099) was a nobleman, warrior and Castilian frontier gentleman that came to dominate the front of his own retinue the East of the Iberian Peninsula in the late eleventh century, independently on the authority of any king, but with the approval King Alfonso VI.
is a historical and legendary figure of the English Reconquista, whose life inspired the most important epic poem in English literature, the Cantar de mio Cid. Has gone down to posterity as El Cid and El Cid (سيد dialectal Arabic sidi, 'lord'). By the appellation "Valiant" was known in life, as attested in documents from 1098, the nickname "El Cid", although it is conjectured that they could use their peers Zaragoza and Valencia, first appears in the Poem of Almería, composed between 1147 and 1149. Birth and genealogy
born on an unknown date in mid- eleventh century (according to various proposals, including 1041 and 1054). His birthplace is strongly marked by the tradition in Vivar del Cid, 10 km from Burgos, although no contemporary sources to corroborate your life that you and the association of Cid Vivar the first documented in the Cantar de Mio Cid.
was the son of Diego Lainez, nobleman "master of frontier in the struggle between Navarre and Castile Ubierna line (Atapuerca), or Flaínez Diego, in which case it would be a descendant of an illustrious family of Leon, the Flaínez. His mother's surname is unknown, Rodriguez (less secure is its name, which could be Mary, Sancha or Teresa), daughter of Rodrigo Alvarez de Asturias, one of the noble families of the county of Castile.
Youth Serving Sancho II of Castile, Rodrigo Díaz, very young, entered the service of Prince Sancho, Sancho II of Castile future. In his entourage was educated both in the handling of weapons and in their first letters, it is documented that he could read and write. He was knighted, probably by Sancho II, in the middle of the decade of 1060, according to Martinez Ten in 1066 or 1067, before the War of the three Sanchos.Desde accession to the throne of Castile Sancho II's last days year 1065 until the death of Sancho in 1072, enjoyed Cid the king's favor, as his train tycoon, as armiger regis.
accompanied Sancho at this sustained war against his brother Alfonso VI, king of Leon, and his brother Garcia, King of Galicia. The three brothers fought for the primacy of the divided kingdom after his father's death and fought to reunify. Rodrigo began to play a significant role as a gentleman warrior, especially in the Castilian victory Wheeler (1068) and Golpejera (1072). After the latter was captured and Alfonso VI took over Leon Sancho, and then, in Galicia, becoming Sancho II of León. It is in these battles when probably earn the nickname of 'Valiant', ie pitched fighter in battle.
confidence Caballero Alfonso VI Alfonso VI
regained the throne of Leon and succeeded his brother in Castile, claiming it next to Galicia, the kingdom recovered legionense union had broken off his father Fernando in his death.
relations and Diaz de Vivar Alfonso at this time were excellent, but the new king was succeeded in office by García Ordóñez real Ensign, Earl of Najera, the judge or prosecutor named in several lawsuits and gave him an honorable marriage Jimena Díaz (July 1074), noble Asturian granddaughter of Alfonso V, they had three children: Diego, Mary (married his second wife, Ramón Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona) and Cristina (married his second wife, the infant Ramiro Sánchez de Navarra). This link with the aristocracy Leon indicates that Rodrigo had very good relations with King Alfonso. Sample
's confidence Rodrigo Alfonso VI in the Cid, is that in 1079 was commissioned by the king to collect the tribute (taxes) to the king Almutamid of Seville. But in fulfilling this mission, the Castilian nobleman García Ordóñez important part of the army that Granada's King Abdullah sent the king of Seville, which enjoyed the protection of Alfonso VI, precisely in return for the tribute to the Cid was gathering. Logically, the Cid helped with its contingent to defend the king of Seville, which intercepted and defeated at the Battle of Abdullah Cabra, in which García Ordóñez was taken prisoner. The literary creation has wanted to see in this episode one of the causes of the hostility of Alfonso VI, instigated by the nobility akin to Garcia Ordoñez, to Rodrigo, but the truth is that the protection afforded to the rich king of Seville, enriched with Alfonso VI tax only benefits the interests of the King of Castile.
The disagreements with Alfonso was caused by an excess (although it was not unusual at the time) of Diaz de Vivar after repelling a raid by troops of al-Andalus in Soria in 1080, which led him in pursuit, to enter the Taifa kingdom of Toledo and sack its east, which was under the protection of King Alfonso VI. First
exile in late 1080 or early 1081, Diaz de Vivar went into exile looking for a man who provide their services. It is very possible that initially sought the protection of the brothers Ramón Berenguer II Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bbut rejected his patronage. Along with his subjects or "retinue", entered the service from 1081 to 1085 the King of Zaragoza, Al-Muqtadir, the same year seriously ill and was succeeded by Al-Mutamar.
Reconciliation with King
The May 25, 1085 Alfonso VI conquered the Taifa of Toledo and in 1086 began the siege of Zaragoza, and with Al-Musta'in II on the throne of the Taifa, who also had to Rodrigo at your service. But in early August of that year an army Almoravid advanced into the kingdom of León, where Alfonso was forced to intercept, resulting in Christian defeat at the Battle of Sagrajas. It is possible that during the siege of Zaragoza Alfonso reconcile with El Cid. In any case, after the defeat of King Alfonso is clear that Rodrigo had been rehabilitated since the de Vivar was tasked with defending the area Levant and was granted tenure in various domains in Castilla: Dueñas, San Esteban de Gormaz, Langa de Duero and Briviesca. The arrival of the Almoravids, who watched closely as the implementation of Islamic law, making it difficult for the king Taifa of Zaragoza keep a retinue army chief and Castilian. On the other hand, Alfonso VI was able to forgive the penalty to Rodrigo to the need of valuable warlords had to face the new power of North African origin. Second exile
By the Murviedro Cid, Valencia was being besieged by Berenguer Ramon II. Rodrigo, given the strength of this alliance, sought an agreement with Al-Lerida and covenanted World Count of Barcelona with the lifting of the siege, this became effective. Subsequently, El Cid began to collect the tribute formerly paid to Barcelona or Valencia to King Alfonso VI, possibly in accordance with the Castilian-Leonese king.
However, in 1088, would be a new clash between the Castilian leader and king. Alfonso VI had won Aledo (Murcia province), where endangered the Taifa of Murcia, Granada and Seville, with continued looting riots. Taifa then again requested Andalusian emperor's intervention Almoravid Tashufin ibn Yusuf, who besieged the summer of 1088 Aledo. Alfonso came to the rescue of the fort and ordered Rodrigo to leave to meet and join forces, but the Cid, who went to Murcia, it ended up meeting with the king, without being able to discern whether the cause was a logistical problem or decision to avoid Cid meeting. In any case, Alfonso VI came to punish the Cid with a new exile, accusing him of treason. Conquest of Valencia
After the summer of 1092, yet the Cid in Zaragoza, Ben Kadi Yahhaf (a supporter of the faction Almoravid) took power in Valencia, and Al-Qadir was assassinated. On hearing the news, the Cid returned to Valencia in November, and besieged the fortress of Onion rendering the middle of the year 1093 with the firm intention that it serve as a base for a final assault on Valencia.
El Cid took possession of the city being titled as "Prince Rodrigo" and perhaps this period date the treatment of sidi (master in Hispano dialect), which would lead to "Cid."
In 1097 a new incursion Almoravids led by Muhammad ibn Tasufin tried to get Valencia to Islam, but near Gandia was defeated by the Cid in the battle of Bairén in collaboration with the army of Peter I of Aragon. That same year, Rodrigo sent his only son, Diego Rodríguez, to fight alongside Alfonso VI against the Almoravids, the troops of Alfonso VI Diego was defeated and killed in the Battle of Consuegra. At the end of 1097 took Almenara, closing routes north of Valencia and in 1098 finally won the imposing fortress city of Sagunto, thus consolidating its grip on what had been previously taifa Balansiya.
stablished in Valencia, also teamed up with Ramon Berenguer III for the purpose of stopping the almoravid pressure. Military alliances were strengthened by marriage. His daughter, Cristina, married to 1098 with the Infante Ramiro Sánchez de Navarra and another, Mary was married to the Count of Barcelona in 1103. Death
His death took place in Valencia between May and July 1099 (according to Martinez Diez, July 10) due to fever. Tizona sword presented to his nephew Peter, with whom he had so often fought. Jimena successfully defended the city with the help of his son Ramon Berenguer III for a while, but in May 1102, due to an unsustainable situation, with the help of Alfonso VI, family and people left Valencia Cid.
His remains were interred in the monastery of Burgos of San Pedro de Cardena. During the War of Independence French soldiers desecrated his grave. The remains were recovered and, in 1842, transferred to the chapel of the town hall of Burgos. Since 1921 lie alongside those of his wife Doña Jimena on an exceptional site of the Cathedral of Burgos.
Information from:
www. wikipedia.com
Poema De Mio Cid
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