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"pandemics, epidemics or Endemic?


What is the correct term? The words pandemic, epidemic or endemic are used indiscriminately to refer to the spread of a contagious disease.

as recently as the "swine flu" or last "bird flu", these words have traveled the world for all media. The error lies in the similarity of writing these words, but with a meaning quite different. Epidemic

is the term we use when we refer to a disease that manifests a group of individuals than expected in a population during a specified time. Also known as outbreak.

Examples of recent epidemics:

Botulism: October 2006 (U.S. and Canada)
Human Influenza A (H3N2): December 2003 / January 2004 (USA)
SARS: March 2003 - May 2003 (China, Taiwan)
Pandemic
is an epidemic that affects at the same time many countries in the world and, being produced by a new virus can cause a more severe clinical picture. That is, the pandemic is an epidemic on a larger scale and thus covers a larger number of geographical groups. This can affect many continents at the same time. Examples

recent pandemics:

Influenza A (H1N1): 2009 -? ( see interactive map of countries affected )
1918-1919 English Flu (India, USA, England)
Cholera: Six pandemics recorded between 1816 and 1966. (Europe, London, NY, Russia, Africa, Indonesia, Bangladesh and the USSR) Endemic

is a disease that occurs in a region or country permanently. It is a lifelong disease process in a geographic area, usually infectious, but not always. In this case, the disease remains at a normal level, including its variables estacionales.Principalmente when a disease is kept for long periods in an area. Disease that usually reigns, or at fixed times, in a country or region. The number of individuals with the disease is not as high.

Examples of groups affected by epidemics:

Malaria - Africa and surrounding regions. ( www.map.uk)

Phases of an epidemiological alert

Document of the World Health Organization: Global influenza preparedness plan, WHO defines the different stages of epidemiological alert and makes recommendations on what to do if they present a possible pandemic.

Phase 1: viruses that affect animals do not cause problems in humans. In addition, it has not been detected any subtype.

What should I do?

Be prepared to detect and combat any epidemic at all levels of government.

Phase 2: A virus that affects animals could affect some people, making it a potential threat. Although not yet identified any subtype.

What should I do? Avoid

possible infection of humans and quickly alert health officials if this ocrurre.

Phase 3: The disease begins to occur sporadically in humans, but although it has given full capacity there is no transmission from person to person. The important thing is to avoid contact between people.

What should I do?

Ensure the identification of virus subtype that represents the threat and be aware of the presence of more cases.

Phase 4: The virus is adapting to humans and begins to be capable of transmission from person to person and cause major outbreaks. However, no significantly expands the problem, although the risks of pandemic grows.

What should I do? Contain

epidemic within an area and population and prevent its spread long enough to determine the appropriate measures to combat the disease and, if possible, to develop a vaccine.

Phase 5: Extending the number of cases and occurs when the virus is spread from person to person in two countries, this means that a pandemic is imminent.

What should I do?

Maximize efforts to contain spread of the disease and awaiting responses from the health authorities of the world against an imminent pandemic.

Phase 6: Pandemic present.

What should I do?

Minimize, where possible, the impact of the pandemic.

(source: WWW.ESMAS.COM )

Sanitary Measures to prevent infections in epidemics

• Stay away from people with respiratory infection.
• Wash hands frequently with soap, preferably liquid or, using antibacterial gel-based alcohol.
• not greet with kisses and handshakes.
• not share food, cups and cutlery.
• Ventilate and allow entry of sunlight in the house, offices and all enclosed places.
• Keep clean the kitchen kitchen and bathroom, doorknobs and handrails, toys, telephones or common objects.
• not smoke indoors or around children, the elderly or infirm.
• warmly and avoid sudden temperature changes.
• Eating fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C (carrot, papaya, guava, orange, tangerine, lime, lemon and pineapple). Eating
• supplements vitamin C and vitamin D.
• In offices, call centers and Internet cafes, clean keyboards and mice with alcohol to disinfect and prevent a possible spread of the virus.
• Disinfect door locks and handrails with sodium hypochlorite public places.
• Avoid exposure to environmental pollutants.
• avoid going to crowded places.
• Bring a healthy lifestyle: get enough sleep, eat nutritious foods and be physically active.
• Stay healthy: eat vegetables and fruits daily and takes at least 8 glasses of water.
• If a clinical picture of sudden high fever or a cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, you should go immediately to your doctor or health unit.
• Obtain immediate medical attention if symptoms occur.

measures to avoid spreading

:

• If corroborated the disease to avoid infecting others, it recommends:
• Visit your doctor to establish the diagnosis and treatment, and never self-medicate.
• and I appreciate your stay at rest until there are no symptoms. Stay home, do not go to workplaces, schools or places where concentrations of people there (theaters, cinemas, bars, buses, subways, nightclubs, parties, etc). This will prevent others from becoming infected through you.
• Cover nose and mouth with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.
• Use masks, throw the tissue in a plastic bag and sneezing into your elbow.
• After 24 hours without any symptoms, you can return to normal work.

Fuentes consultadas:
www.deganadores.com
www.esmas.com
Organización Mundial de la Salud
www.wikipedia.com
www.weblogs.madrimasd.org